ECE LATEST SEMINAR TOPICS

ELECTRONICS LATEST SEMINARS:  PIR Sensor Based Security System

The circuit of an inexpensive and highly secure electronic security system is explained below. This electronic security system can be used in banks and other high security areas.

A normal electronic security system will have a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter sends out an IR laser and this will be received by the receiver. When an intruder walks past the device, the IR beam is cut and thus the alarm is activated. But, this system has some major disadvantages like limited range and poor line of sight. These disadvantages are eliminated through the PIR sensor circuit explained below.

Working

Instead of infrared or laser transmitters and receivers, PIR (Passive Infrared Radial) sensors are used in this circuit. The sensor is basically a pyroelectric device. When the device is exposed to infrared radiation, it generates an electric charge. The device is made of crystalline material. According to the change in the amount of infrared striking the element, there will be a change in the voltages generated, which is measured by an on-board amplifier.

The infrared light explained here refers to the light radiating from all objects in its field of view. The reason for not having a transmitter and receiver is that the device does not emit one, but only accepts the energy emitted from objects above absolute zero in the form of radiations. Thus the temperature will be different for a human working past a sensor, and that of a wall right in front of it. Thus the word “passive” is used in PIR to explain that it does not emit a radiation and receive it, but instead accepts the incoming infrared radiation passively.

The block diagram of the PIR based security system is given below.

The device contains a special filter called a Fresnel lens, which focuses the infrared signals onto the element. As the ambient infrared signals change rapidly, the on-board amplifier trips the output to indicate motion. We can say that the PIR sensor is a human body sensor because it is only activated when a human or animal walks past the sensor. The PIR sensor is the heart of the project. We can design the project in such a manner that as soon as the burglar or intruder walks past the sensor, the alarms would turn on and the whole lighting system could turn on.

Circuit Diagram

• PIR Sensor

D204B PIR sensor is used in this project. The PIR sensor is the heart of the project.

• Two Stage Amplifiers

Two stage OP-amp: LM 324 is used as two stage amplifier. The signal from the PIR sensor is very low so this signal is amplified by using LM324.LM324 is a quad OP-amp. First two op-amps act as amplifiers.

• Comparator

The comparator compares the signal from the amplifier and a reference voltage.3^rd and 4^th OP-amp of LM 324 act as comparator.

• Transistor Switch

Whenever the output of comparator make HIGH Q1 transistor gets ON and relay will be energized causing the alarm and lamp to turn ON.

• Power Supply

Power supply converts 230 Volt AC into 12 Volt DC and 5 Volt DC. IC 7812 is used as the 12 Volt voltage regulator and a 5v zener diode act as the 5 Volt voltage regulator

ece projects,electronic circuits,Low Cost Burglar Alarm For Boats ,simple ckts for mini projects

Low Cost Burglar Alarm For Boats 

This low-cost burglar alarm employs a 12V strobe light and a truck reversing horn as the visible and audible alarm outputs while the alarm itself is a 12V horn relay and some pressure mat switches. This simple approach has the benefit that the alarm continues to operate even if the entry point is immediately closed and it draws no current while in the armed condition. To make it independent of the boat supply it runs from a single 12V or two 6V alkaline lantern batteries connected in series. These should last well in excess of two years. An advantage of a lantern battery is that it will last less than an hour while powering the alarm in its active role.

This means the alarm system will not seriously contravene noise pollution laws. If there are very strict noise regulations in your area, you can fit an alarm timer, available from some electronic shops, in the circuit between the battery positive and the key switch. The key switch can be installed in the cockpit bulkhead and connects to two normally open (NO) switches wired in parallel. One switch is a pressure mat placed on the cockpit floor near the entry, underneath a suitable piece of carpet or pliable cover. If a pressure mat is unsuitable, the main entry can be protected by a mechanical switch such as an automobile boot lid or door courtesy light switch.

Circuit diagram:

Low Cost Burglar Alarm Circuit Diagram

The second switch can be used to protect against entry through a forward hatch or second wheelhouse door. Any number of normally open (NO) switches can be installed in this system, all wired in parallel. If the alarm is tripped, the relay closes and latches on due to the wiring of its contacts and the horn and strobe light are powered. The suggested truck reversing horn is the Hella 6023 intermittent reversing buzzer which has an 85dB sound level and a current drain of 0.9A at 12V. The suggested strobe is a Hella 1657 which has an amber lens in a weatherproof housing. This strobe flashes about once per second and the current drain at 12V is 0.25A. The strobe can be installed outside on deck or in the main cabin where its flash will be seen through most ports and windows. Wiring to both the warning horn and strobe light should be concealed.

 keywords of site:

asbestos law firm,refinance a housebest student loanconference call service providersdallas dwi lawyersdelaware mesothelioma lawyershouston mesotheliomalawyersmesothelioma lawyers houstomalignant mesothelioma pleural rate survival asbestos attorney ill inoisillinois mesothelioma lawyers

asbestos attorney washingtonmesothelioma attorney tennesseecolorado mesothelioma lawyers asbestos attorneys philadelphia

Finger Print Based Voting System for Rigging Free Governance

Finger Print Based Voting System for Rigging Free

Governance

Title of the project: Finger Print Based Voting System for Rigging free governing System

Domain: Biometrics & Embedded Design

Software: Embedded C, Keil, Proload

Microcontroller: AT89S52

Power Supply: +5V, 500mA Regulated Power Supply

Display: LED 5mm, 16 X 2 LCD

Crystal: 11.0592MHz

Biometric Sensor: FIM3030N

Storage Capacity: Up to 100 finger print images

Image Registration: Through Serial Communication

Applications: Industries, Banks, Office, Library, colleges

ABSTRACT

According ancient Greek scripts BIOMETRICS means study of life.Biometrics studies commonly include fingerprint, face, iris, voice, signature, and hand geometry recognition and verification. Many other modalities are in various stages of development and assessment. Among these available biometric traits Finger Print proves to be one of the best traits providing good mismatch ratio and also reliable. Registering the attendances of students has become a hectic work as sometimes their attendance may be registered or missed. To overcome this problem i.e. to get the attendances registered perfectly we are taking the help of two different technologies viz. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS and BIOMETRICS.

Firstly discussing about Biometrics we are concentrating on Fingerprint scanning. For this we are using FIM 3030N high voltage module as a scanner.

This module has in-built ROM, DSP and RAM. In this we can store up to 100 user’s fingerprints. This module can operate in 2 modes they are Master mode and User mode. We will be using Master mode to register the fingerprints which will be stored in the ROM present on the scanner with a unique id.

When this module is interfaced to the microcontroller, we will be using it in user mode. In this mode we will be verifying the scanned images with the stored images. When coming to our application the images of the citizens will be stored in the module with a unique id. To poll their vote the citizens have to scan their image which is then verified with the image present in fingerprint module and their vote will be updated.

This scanner is interfaced to 8051 microcontroller through max232 enabling serial communication. By using this controller we will be controlling the scanning process. After the scanning has been completed the result is stored in the microcontroller. By simply pressing a switch we can get the details of the polling.

This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer

 

Advantages:

No manual errors

No false Voting

Need not remember any password

Need not to carry any card

Scopes for Advancements:

 GSM modem can be connected to this unit to communicate to remote reporting office

 RTC can be interfaced to record login and logout time.

Applications

 Government Elections

 Company / Corporate internal elections

 Union Elections

microprocessor µcontroller projects of eee,ece

89C51 Based PC Based Industrial Automation with auto/manual modes of Operation

Title of the project: 89C51 Based PC Based Industrial Automation

Domain: PC Based Projects and Embedded

Software: Assembly Language

Relay: 5V, 100Ω SPDT

Power Supply: +5V, 500mA Regulated Power Supply

Display: LED, PC Screen

LED: 5mm White-in-Red, 5mm White-in-Blue

Input: Computer Key Board

Tool: Hyper Terminal

ABSTRACT

One of the 8051s many powerful features is its integrated UART, otherwise known as a serial port. The fact that the 8051 has an integrated serial port means that you may very easily read and write values to the serial port. If it were not for the integrated serial port, writing a byte to a serial line would be a rather tedious process requiring turning on and off one of the I/O lines in rapid succession to properly "clock out" each individual bit, including start bits, stop bits, and parity bits.

However, we do not have to do this. Instead, we simply need to configure the serial ports operation mode and baud rate. Once configured, all we have to do is write to an SFR to write a value to the serial port or read the same SFR to read a value from the serial port. The 8051 will automatically let us know when it has finished sending the character we wrote and will let us know whenever it has received a byte so that we can process it. We do not have to worry about transmission at the bit level--which saves us quite a bit of coding and processing time.

By using this project one can control his various electrical appliances by means of PC using PC’s hyper terminal window. The speed of a fan also can be varied depending on the user’s requirement. LED Indication is provided on the Kit for on/off condition of appliances and fan speed indication.

This project is best suitable for homes, hotels and showrooms to control all the electrical appliances and fan speed from a centralized point. This project uses regulated 5V power supply.