Environmental problem is the major concern for any industry and there is a great need to that along green lines. Sangam Dairy being one of the most famous and widespread dairies in India, it produces wide spectrum of milk products. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels of effluent water of this industry with MIF treatment were found to be around 900 ppm.
The main objective of the present study is to minimize the COD level to the required level stipulated by the environmental standards by employing various surface active materials like ferric chloride, alum and commercial coal and to evaluate various parameters effecting the COD level during the treatment. Initial and final COD were determined before and after the treatment. Characteristics of COD levels were determined by using open reflux method.
From the COD data for all samples, comparison of various surface-active materials was carried to suggest the efficient surface-active material for ETP. The optimum time of contact, dosage and pH were found to be 40min, 13.5g/l and 9.18 respectively for the operations using ferric chloride. The optimum time of contact, dosage and pH were found to be 90min, 15g/l and 9.18 respectively for the operations using alum. The optimum time of contact, dosage and pH were found to be 80min, 100g/l and acidic medium respectively for the operations using commercial coal. It has been observed that ferric chloride is the best suitable material compared to alum and commercial coal. However, commercial coal is cheaper and it can also bring down the COD level with in PCB norms. So, it is advisable to use commercial coal for the reduction of COD.
INTRODUCTION:
Sangam Dairy is situated at Vadlamudi, 15km to Guntur city in Andhra Pradesh. This is run by Guntur District milk producers mutually aided Co-Operative society. Sangam Dairy collects on average one-lakh liters of milk per day. How ever in seasons it handles up to 2.5 lakh liters per day.
Sources of Waste Water in the Diary
The liquid waste from a large dairy originates from the following section or plants:
Receiving station Condensed milk plant
Bottling plant Dried milk plant
Butter plant Bottle and can washing plants
At the bottling plant the raw milk arrived by the receiving station is stored. The processing includes cooling, clarification, filtration, pasteurization and bottling.
The dairy wastes are very often discharge intermittently. The nature and composition of waste also depend on the type of products produced and the size of the plant. The typical Indian dairy handling about 3, 00,000 to 4, 00,000 liters of milk in a day.
